Inhaltszusammenfassung

Only a few published experiments directly tested the influence of applicants’ sexual orientation on hiring decisions and related judgments. The present chapter reviews theoretical models of impression formation and applies them to discrimination based on sexual orientation. The basis of our reasoning is formed by the stereotype-content model, the lack-of-fit model, and the continuum model. According to the stereotype-content model, competence and warmth are the “big two” dimensions in social ...Only a few published experiments directly tested the influence of applicants’ sexual orientation on hiring decisions and related judgments. The present chapter reviews theoretical models of impression formation and applies them to discrimination based on sexual orientation. The basis of our reasoning is formed by the stereotype-content model, the lack-of-fit model, and the continuum model. According to the stereotype-content model, competence and warmth are the “big two” dimensions in social judgment and stereotyping. The lack-of-fit model was introduced to explain biases against female applicants, and it postulates that biases result from the perceived misfit between job aspects and traits of a person, influenced by gender stereotypes. Typical women are supposed to lack the competence required in male-typed jobs (and typical men are supposed to lack the warmth required in female-typed jobs). The model implies that the perceived femininity of a given woman also affects how well she is perceived to fit a given position. Stereotypes of lesbians and gay men indicate that they are more androgynous than heterosexuals (i.e., possessing typically female and typically male traits). Thus, for male-typed jobs, lesbians should be discriminated less than heterosexual women, and for female-typed jobs, gay men should be discriminated less than heterosexual men. But how do people integrate information on social-category membership with individuating information (i.e., information provided of individuals)? The continuum model postulates four different processing stages: initial categorization, confirmatory categorization, recategorization, and piecemeal integration. We integrate other relevant processes into this model: Primarily on the confirmatory categorization stage, we propose that prescriptive stereotypes, prototyping, and shifting standards may play a role. Recategorization depending on sexual orientation could be related to subgrouping, attributional augmenting, attribution to discrimination, and identity intersections. Piecemeal integration bears similarity to the idea of subtyping of counter-stereotypical exemplars. Throughout the review, we consider how empirical findings relate to these models, in particular those of a recent research program on the discrimination of applicants based on their sexual orientation. We conclude that the models we elaborate on can account for many, but not all extant findings. Impression Formation of Applicants Differing in Sexual Orientation: An Attempt to Integrate Theoretical Models and a Review of the Empirical Evidence (PDF Download Available). Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/307464895_Impression_Formation_of_Applicants_Differing_in_Sexual_Orientation_An_Attempt_to_Integrate_Theoretical_Models_and_a_Review_of_the_Empirical_Evidence [accessed Jun 30, 2017].» weiterlesen» einklappen

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Klassifikation

DDC Sachgruppe:
Psychologie